A well-placed tree can dramatically decrease wall surface temperatures, curbing the need for constant air conditioning. In winter, the protection from buffeting winds that a sturdy tree provides also contributes significantly to keeping your heating costs down. Native Australian trees help with this and more, including improving air quality and preventing garden erosion.
For garden enthusiasts who don't wish to wait for years to see mature trees in their gardens, fast-growing native Australian varieties are a smart solution. We have a plethora of options: from gum to rainforest, shade to privacy screen trees, each ready to transform your backyard into a vibrant oasis of tranquillity and charm while contributing positively to your home's energy efficiency.
Fast-Growing Australian Native Trees: At a Glance
Here are 8 fast-growing trees native to Australia:
- Lemon-Scented Gum
- Red Flowering Gum
- Brush Box
- Queensland Maple
- Australian Blackwood
- Southern Silky Oak
- Australian Brush Cherry
- Stiff Bottlebrush
We discuss each of them in depth below under various categories/varieties to help you get a sense of the tree type and how they may suit your gardening needs. Let's deep dive!
Gorgeous Gum Varieties
Australia's indigenous gum trees have, at times, received somewhat negative attention. Allegations of precariousness, excessive growth, and other less-than-ideal characteristics may have tarnished their reputation amongst gardeners.
But the thing is, these problems only relate to some gum species, especially if they are poorly planted or positioned. Species that have led to the somewhat bad reputation of all gum trees include the Sydney blue gum and Tasmanian blue gum.
These gorgeous tree varieties deserve a revival in Australian backyards. And we’ve got a few suggestions that are most likely to thrive in your garden.
#1 - Lemon-Scented Gum
● Are seeking a versatile tree that’s also valuable in industries such as horticulture, cosmetics, medicine, and honey production.
● Value a tree's structural qualities; the Lemon-scented Gum's straight growth and strength make it a source for timber used in beams, bridges, poles, flooring, and tool handles.
● Are interested in farm forestry, given the Lemon-scented Gum's multiple uses and suitability for specific growth regions
The Corymbia citriodora is an Australian native tree known for its strong lemon scent and appealing aesthetics. This remarkable tree can transform gardens into tranquil spaces filled with unique charm. The smooth-barked gum is primarily native to the open forests and woodlands of subtropical coastal Queensland.
It thrives on the dry ridges and plateaux, but it has also successfully naturalised itself in various regions of Queensland, as well as in Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria. Its dignified structure, described as "reliably vertical," makes it one of Australia's most striking trees.
Physical Characteristics
The juvenile leaves of the Lemon-scented Gum have distinctive wavy edges and a slightly rough texture, positioned opposite each other. As the tree matures, its leaves transform into smooth, narrow, elongated forms that arrange themselves alternatively along the branches. Both forms emit a powerful citronella aroma when touched.
Flowers, characterised by white filaments and cream anthers, appear from mid-winter into spring, usually within 2 years of the tree's growth. The gum nuts of this tree are urn-shaped, enclosing glossy, reddish-black seeds. Its bark, which comes in a range of hues from white and pink to coppery, red, and blue-grey, peels off in thin, curly flakes each spring.
Growth and Stature
Growing at a remarkable rate of up to 2 metres per year, Corymbia citriodora quickly ascends to its mature height. In its native habitat, the tree can reach heights beyond 40 metres but typically stands between 20 to 30 metres in cultivated environments. The tree forms a symmetrical, spreading canopy of sparse foliage that best displays its aesthetic qualities when given ample space.
Cultivation Tips
The Lemon-scented Gum appreciates a variety of soil conditions but performs best in sandy loam or well-drained gravels. It's important to consider the potential for "branch-drop" when selecting the tree's position, though it responds well to regular pruning, maintaining the lemon-rich juvenile foliage at an accessible height. The tree can be cultivated as a bush, hedge, or standard and grows best from seeds sown directly into containers equipped with root-training structures. This method aids the establishment of a well-structured root system.
#2 - Red Flowering Gum
● Desire a vibrant splash of colour in your garden with the Red Flowering Gum's bright blossoms.
● Aim to attract wildlife, as this tree provides nectar for bees, butterflies, and birds.
● Prefer fast-growing, non-invasive plant species.
● Are prepared to manage potential pests such as psyllids, aphids, mealybugs, scales, mites, caterpillars, and borers.
● Can handle susceptibility to Marri canker, a fungal disease.
Next on our list of fast-growing Australian native trees is Corymbia ficifolia (Eucalyptus ficifolia), more commonly known as the Red Flowering Gum. The vibrant tree is a member of the Myrtaceae family. Its natural habitat is the southwestern part of Australia, where it lives a long and fruitful life spanning over 70 years. Corymbia ficifolia is cherished for its stunning flower display and its ability to attract a diverse range of wildlife.
Physical Characteristics
Standing tall at an average of 10 metres, the Red Flowering Gum's height can vary from a humble 2 metres to an impressive 15 metres. Its width extends from 2 to 5 metres, making it a robust addition to any garden. It has flowers in varied shades of red, pink, orange, white, and even two-toned combinations that take an umbel-like shape and produce nectar that lures birds and insects alike. Complementing its colourful flowers are the evergreen, lanceolate leaves and a rough, textured trunk.
Growth and Stature
Flowering from December through May, the Red Flowering Gum brightens the summer season. Though it has a preference for sandy soils with good drainage, it adapts well to a variety of temperate climates. It is a hardy plant that can withstand light frost and prove resilient during droughts.
Cultivation Tips
For successful cultivation, plant the Red Flowering Gum in early spring once the threat of frost has passed. Select a well-draining location and ensure that the tree's root ball remains intact. Regular watering isn't required as rainfall should suffice, but should you choose to fertilise, use a native fertiliser with 3% or less phosphorus. Pruning after the flowering season, removing up to a third of the leaves and branches, can help maintain a healthy tree structure and remove straggly branches.
Beautiful Rainforest Varieties
Now, unto the captivating charm of Australian native rainforest trees, revered for their easy maintenance and adaptability. These botanical marvels are perfectly suited to various environments - from farms to urban landscapes and even home gardens.
#3 - Brush Box
● Seek a fast-establishing tree that creates a natural haven for wildlife and cool shaded areas.
● Appreciate the significance of honey trees, with nectar flows peaking every three to four years.
● Aim to attract pollinators, or you are an enthusiastic beekeeper seeking to enhance your honey production.
Experience the tropical charm of the Queensland Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), a resilient rainforest tree that flourishes in the tropical regions of northeastern Australia. With its rapid growth and robust nature, this magnificent tree is native to an extensive stretch ranging from Newcastle in New South Wales to Mossman in Tropical North Queensland. The Brush Box captivates with its graceful, dome-shaped canopy, lush foliage, and impressive ability to fend off pests. Thriving on the fringes of rainforests, it has also become a popular choice as a street tree, even beyond its original habitat.
Physical Characteristics
With a potential height of up to 40 metres and a straight, clear trunk, the Queensland Brush Box is an imposing and beautiful tree. The trunk features a flaking grey-brown bark revealing a smooth pink-brown to orange-brown underbark. Its evergreen leaves are elongated oval, creating a dense, dark green cover. During the summer months, clusters of small white, star-shaped flowers with frilly stamens add to the tree's aesthetic appeal.
Growth Pattern and Size
The Brush Box is a fast-growing tree, typically averaging 10 to 20 metres in height, though it can grow much taller in natural conditions. Its dense, dome-like canopy offers ample shade, making it ideal for sunny regions. The tree develops a very dense foliage cover and retains its leaves all year round.
Growing Tips and Care
This versatile tree thrives in a variety of soils, including clay, as long as they are well-drained. For optimal growth, plant it in a location with full sun to partial shade. It’s also best to plant it away from drains and paving due to its robust root system. Once established, the tree requires minimal care apart from regular watering during the initial 12 weeks.
#4 - Queensland Maple
● Love unique foliage and quick-growing trees.
● Desire to enhance your landscape with a touch of tropical splendour.
● Enjoy the satisfaction of watching trees grow rapidly,
● Can handle the tree's timber carefully, as it may cause dermatitis.
The Flindersia brayleyana, or Queensland Maple, is another enchanting, fast-growing tree. Belonging to the Rutaceae family, Flindersia brayleyana was first described in 1865 by botanist F.J.H. von Mueller. Its roots are firmly planted in the rainforests of Queensland, Australia, nestled between the regions of Windsor Tableland and Mt Spec near Townsville. The tree is renowned for its vibrant foliage, rapid growth, and ornamental timber. It's also a captivating centrepiece for any landscape and a testament to Australia's rich biodiversity.
Physical Characteristics
The Queensland Maple, a medium-sized tree, can reach heights of up to 40m and boasts a stem diameter of 2.5m. Its trunk is typically round and unbuttressed, encased in grey-to-brown bark that is about 12mm thick and engraved with unique longitudinal fissures. The leaf blades are notable, replete with abundant, nearly touching oil dots, and the midrib is subtly raised on the upper surface.
Small, hairy petals characterise Flindersia brayleyana's flowers, while its fruit takes the form of an almost smooth or gently sculptured capsule, approximately 6-10 cm long. The tree's seeds are peculiar, with wings at both ends and the radicle at the terminal.
Growth and Development
The Queensland Maple's seeds germinate in a short 8 to 14 days. It flourishes in upland and mountain rainforests, and it's able to grow from sea level to 1150m altitudes. And while larger trees may need some space to avoid crown shyness, Maple's overall growth rate is a plus for those looking to quickly fill their landscape.
Cultivation and Care
Cultivating the Flindersia brayleyana demands a touch of the rainforest at home. While it does need specific conditions to reach its full potential, the tree's resilience and adaptability make it a worthy challenge for the home gardener. A consistently humid environment, ample sunlight, and regular watering will encourage its growth. Initial pruning will be necessary to shape the tree and promote its health during its rapid growth phase.
Stunning Shade Varieties
As the name suggests, shade trees provide shade, especially from the sun. They have an impressive cooling effect on your property, providing much-needed protection from the sun and creating a serene environment. They can add privacy and increase property value. Let’s explore some fast-growing Australian native-shaded trees:
#5 - Australian Blackwood
● Seek an attractive feature or shade tree for broad landscapes and park reserves.
● Want to attract local wildlife, as this tree serves as a food plant for certain caterpillars and hosts native birds and insects.
● Prefer a long-lived tree that doesn't shed limbs as frequently as some eucalypts and other acacia species.
● Can avoid planting in narrow streetscapes or areas close to power lines, pipes, or drains.
Embodying grace and practicality, Acacia Melanoxylon, or Australian Blackwood, is an exceptional addition to wide landscapes and park reserves. It is native to large swaths of eastern and southeastern Australia but has naturalised in places as diverse as New Zealand, Brazil, and Africa. It has become invasive in some parts of East Africa, particularly Kenya, and Tanzania, having been introduced in the latter before World War I. Besides offering shade, the Australian Blackwood attracts a myriad of local wildlife, from birds to butterflies.
Physical Characteristics
Acacia Melanoxylon, or Australian Blackwood, is a sturdy tree that can grow up to 30m high with a bole of about 150cm in diameter. The bark on older trunks exudes a dark greyish-black colour, deeply fissured and somewhat scaly. The tree is noted for its bipinnate leaves that vanish as the plant matures, leaving only the phyllodes, and its fluffy pale yellow, cream, or whitish flowers densely packed into small clusters. Its fruits are also elongated, slightly flattened pods that can coil or twist, containing oval-shaped seeds encircled by a large pink, pinkish-red, or dark-red folded fleshy structure.
Growth and Height
Acacia Melanoxylon is a rapid grower, capable of reaching impressive heights of up to 30 metres. The tree is also known to reproduce prolifically from seed, particularly following a fire, and can spread from root suckers and coppice from damaged stems.
Tips for Growing
Ideal for cool and wet upland regions, Acacia Melanoxylon thrives best in deep, moist, and fertile soils but can also adapt to sandy and alluvial soils and wet, nearly swampy places. Given its status as a pioneer species, its seedlings are intolerant to shade. Remember not to plant it closer than 3.5 meters to any sewer main or connection. It's also worth noting that Acacia Melanoxylon is classified as a fire retardant plant, according to the SA Country Fire Service.
#6 - Southern Silky Oak
● Want to add a fast-growing Australian native to your garden or landscape.
● Are looking for a tree that can control erosion around streams and riverbanks.
● Wish to attract wildlife like bees, nectar-eating birds, butterflies, and other insects.
● Can deal with a plant that can cause skin problems for people with sensitive skin or respiratory irritation due to its sawdust.
The Grevillea Robusta, or the Silky Oak, is one of the fastest-growing Australian native trees that not only add charm to your garden but also contribute immensely to environmental sustainability. Originating from the riverine, subtropical, and dry rainforest environments of eastern coastal Australia, this tree is native to southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Interestingly, it can thrive up to 160 km inland in the Bunya Mountains in Queensland.
Physical Characteristics
The Silky Oak, which varies greatly in height, boasts dark grey bark, dark green lobed foliage, and stunning golden-orange flowers. Its long, narrow, and sparse crown gives it a conical, symmetrical appearance. Its olive-green, fern-like leaves have a silverish underside, creating a beautiful contrast. Be cautious, though; its flowers and fruits contain toxic hydrogen cyanide.
Growth and Size
One of the key characteristics of the Silky Oak is its fast growth rate. It grows around 2 m in height and diameter in the first five years and can eventually reach a towering height of 18 to 40 m. The tree thrives best in full sun but can tolerate a bit of shade as a young plant.
Cultivation Tips
To cultivate the Silky Oak, use seeds. Soak them in cold water for 24 hours before planting to enhance germination. Once the plant has flowered, prune it to remove all dead and diseased branches. Keep the soil moist during summer and reduce watering from October through April to once a month. Also, keep an eye out for pests and promptly tackle any infestations.
Privacy Screen Varieties
Next on our list, we have fast-growing trees and shrubs that can be closely spaced to form a fast-growing hedge or be used as privacy screens. Fast-growing and long-lived privacy screen trees are sought after to establish a permanent wall of vegetation and prevent unwanted views.
#7 - Australian Brush Cherry
● Are looking for a fast-growing tree for screening purposes.
● Want a tree that can survive both sunny and frosty conditions.
● Wish to attract wildlife with its vibrant flowers and fruits.
● Have an interest in bonsai cultivation.
Introducing the Australian Brush Cherry or Syzygium paniculatum (Eugenia paniculata), an elegant and fast-growing Australian native tree that boasts not just a pleasing appearance but also serves as a great screening plant. The tree originates from the coastal regions in Queensland and New South Wales in Australia and has made its way into many gardens in Eastern Australia. It serves as the floral emblem of Coffs Harbour City Council.
Physical Characteristics
The Australian Brush Cherry tree sports large, fluffy myrtle flowers and decorative berries in candy colours. The leaves are opposite, simple, and lanceolate, ranging from 4-8 cm long. The tree produces white flowers in clusters, and its edible, pink, elongated fruits range from 1.5 to 2.3 cm long, which ripen mainly in summer and autumn. The flavour of the fruit is refreshing but with a hint of sourness.
Growth and Size
Growing as a small to medium-sized tree, this fast-growing wonder can attain a height of up to 18m in cultivation. In its native habitat, it can reach up to 35m with a trunk diameter of 60 cm.
Cultivation Tips
The Australian Brush Cherry typically takes about 6 weeks to germinate, with ideal temperatures ranging from 18-26 degrees Celsius (65-80 F). It is important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged to avoid rotting the seed. For successful germination, remove all the flesh from the seed before planting. And if you intend to grow the tree in a pot, ensure it has good drainage.
#8 - Stiff Bottlebrush
● Seek a fast-growing and showy flowering tree.
● Have a sunny spot in your garden.
● Wish to attract pollinators like bees.
● Are interested in growing unique plants in pots or as hedges.
The Callistemon Rigidus, also known as the Stiff Bottlebrush is a native Australian tree that showcases radiant blooms and a rapid growth rate, making it an exceptional pick for garden enthusiasts seeking fast-growing and visually striking Australian trees. It hails from the plains of Eastern Australia and is a proud member of the Myrtaceae family. Despite its non-native status in the UK, this evergreen shrub has captivated the region's gardeners with its vibrant flowers.
Physical Characteristics
The Stiff Bottlebrush is an evergreen shrub that blooms spectacular flowers reminiscent of a bottlebrush, thanks to its long, colourful stamens. These bushy, bright red flowers typically bloom in the summer, providing a vivid splash of colour. Following the flowering phase, small, button-like brown seed capsules form. This, combined with its narrow, linear, dull green leaves, add to its allure and exudes a pleasant fragrance when bruised.
Growth and Size
The Callistemon Rigidus is a medium-sized shrub that can reach an impressive height of 1.5 to 2.5 metres and spread as wide within 10-20 years. In its native habitat in Australia, it's known to grow even taller, up to 10-15 feet, making it a rapid grower in the right conditions.
Cultivation Tips
The Stiff Bottlebrush prefers a sheltered position with full sun exposure and well-drained, moist soil. It thrives in a variety of soils, including sand, chalk, and clay, under acidic or neutral pH conditions. It is propagated either by seeds or from semi-hardwood cuttings. Be sure to watch out for pests such as scale insects, mealy bugs, and red spider mites, and keep an eye out for honey fungus.
Growing Native Australian Trees: Expert Tips
Growing native Australian trees can be a rewarding and beneficial endeavor. Here are some expert tips to help you successfully cultivate these trees:
- Understanding the Native Environment: Before planting, it’s crucial to research the natural habitat of your chosen tree species. Consider factors like light levels, soil type, and rainfall frequency in the species' native region. Emulating these conditions in your garden increases the chances of successful cultivation.
- Proper Planting Time: Most Australian native trees are best planted in early spring, post the last frost. This gives them ample time to establish their root system before the intense summer heat arrives.
- Quality Soil is Essential: A good-quality, well-drained soil is essential for most native trees. Some prefer sandy soils, while others thrive in loamy or clayey conditions. Knowing your tree’s preference helps to ensure the soil meets its needs.
- Mind the Root Ball: When planting your tree, it’s important to handle the root ball gently to prevent damage. The hole for planting should be wide enough to comfortably accommodate the root ball, encouraging it to spread out naturally.
- Watering Regime: Australian native trees generally have a high tolerance for drought. Still, in the first 12 weeks post-planting, regular watering is necessary to help the tree establish. After this period, they can usually rely on rainfall, barring extremely dry conditions.
- Mulching: Mulch can protect your tree’s roots from temperature extremes, conserve moisture, and suppress weeds. Organic mulch, such as bark or wood chips, also adds valuable nutrients to the soil as it decomposes.
- Pruning: Proper pruning helps maintain a healthy structure, removing any weak or diseased branches. For many native trees, it's best to prune after the flowering period, ensuring the tree's energy isn't wasted on unwanted growth.
- Pest Control: While native trees are usually resistant to most local pests, it's still important to monitor your trees regularly. Spotting a pest infestation early can prevent it from spreading or causing significant damage.
- Fertiliser Use: Australian native trees typically don't require heavy fertilisation, and some are sensitive to high phosphorus levels. If you choose to fertilise, use a controlled-release, low-phosphorus (less than 3%) native plant fertiliser.
- Companion Planting: Planting other native flora species alongside your native tree can replicate its natural ecosystem, providing extra benefits like attracting local wildlife, aiding in pest control, and enhancing the tree’s overall growth and health.
- Respecting the Tree’s Growth Habit: Whether it's a towering gum or a mid-sized rainforest tree, each species has a unique growth habit. Ensure your garden has sufficient space to accommodate the mature size of the tree without causing overcrowding or structural damage to buildings or hardscapes.
- Patience is a Virtue: While we've focused on fast-growing varieties, remember that trees still take time to grow and mature. Be patient, give your tree the care it needs, and you’ll be rewarded with a beautiful, thriving addition to your landscape.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some frequently asked questions on fast-growing native Australian trees.
What makes fast-growing Australian native trees a good choice for my garden?
Fast-growing Australian native trees are adapted to local soil and climate conditions, which makes them hardy and low-maintenance. Additionally, these trees contribute positively to the ecosystem, providing habitat and food for local wildlife.
Can I plant any fast-growing Australian native tree in any part of Australia?
Not all trees are suitable for all parts of Australia due to varying climates and soil conditions. It's important to research the specific requirements of a tree species before planting to ensure it is suited to your local conditions.
Are there any pest problems associated with fast-growing Australian native trees?
As with any plant, native trees can be susceptible to pests. However, because they are adapted to local conditions, they are generally more resilient and less likely to succumb to pest issues. Regular monitoring and timely action can prevent severe infestations.
Can I grow fast-growing Australian native trees in small spaces or pots?
Many Australian native trees can be grown in pots or small spaces. However, it's crucial to select a species that fits the available space and can adapt to pot-growing conditions, like the Stiff Bottlebrush.
When is the best time to plant fast-growing Australian native trees?
While it can vary between species, generally, the best time to plant these trees is in early spring, after the last frost. This gives the tree plenty of time to establish its roots before the summer heat arrives.
Laura
Planting for the Future
Planting a fast-growing tree into a healthy and attractive landscape begins with a plan. Start by selecting a native tree that’s best suited to the conditions of your area. As garden stewards, it's important to respect our natural environment, prioritising species that coexist harmoniously within the unique Australian ecosystem.
This guide offers a starting point, illuminating the beauty and adaptability of a few select native species. Remember, the key to a flourishing garden lies in understanding the natural characteristics and needs of each species, ensuring they can thrive and enrich your landscape for years to come.
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